Using Secondary Sources in Your Writing 

English 1010

When you write using secondary sources, you will need these:

SKILLS     REMINDERS  HELPFUL AIDS
1. How to use the appropriate  style sheet as an aid to writing the works cited entries. Use MLA for English papers.

 

  Harbrace 40a3; 

St. Martin's pages 707-17

2. How to avoid plagiarism.

 

Use the ideas and words of others responsibly.

 

Harbrace 39e;

St. Martin's 701-706

3. How to cite and punctuate sources parenthetically in the text of the paper.

 

 

 

Cite your source at the sentence  level.

  Except for blocked off quotations, citations appear just before the punctuation in the sentence.

 

 

Harbrace 40a1;

St. Martin's pages 703-706

 

 

 

 4. How to paraphrase sources. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Paraphrase sources more often than quoting.

An adequate paraphrase accurately reflects the content of the original passage and is written in your own words, using about the same number of words as the original.

 

 

 

Harbrace 39d3;

St. Martin's pages 699-701

 

 

 

 

 

  5. How to integrate and punctuate quotations from sources.

 

 

 

 

 

 Don't PLOP quotations into your text. Prepare the reader for the quotation by introducing it with an attribution or integrating it some way. 

Be accurate in every detail when you quote, paying close attention to punctuation and capitalization of letters.

 Don't quote too often because "Too many quotations in a paper can convey the impression that you have little to say for yourself" (Harbrace, 14th ed., 414). 

Harbrace 39d;

St. Martin's pages 695-99

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Questions and Comments

 Dr. Maria A. Clayton
English Department
P.O. Box 70
Middle Tennessee State University
Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132